The+Power+of+The+Church

The Power of the Church

Bold:
 * 1) Clergy- The memebers of the church, Bishops supervised the priests, the lowest ranked members of the clergy.
 * 2) Sacraments- Important religious cerimonies, administered by the preists and other members of the clergy.
 * 3) Conon Law- Church law, in matters such as marrige and religious politics.
 * 4) Holy Roman Empire-Created by Otto, it was originally called the Roman Empire of the German Nation, but that named to what is it called today (Holy Roman Empire). It remained hte strongest state in Europe until 1100.
 * 5) Lay Investiture- A cerimony in which nobel and kings appoint church officials.

Key People: Gelasius- A pope who gave the idea of the two swords, one political and one religious. He wanted to make sure that the State and the Church never conflicted. Otto- The most effective ruler of the midevil Germany. He was crowned king in 936, he wanted to limit the nobel's power so he formed a close allience with the church and sought help from the clergy. Gregory VII- He banned lay investiture that coused alot of trouble. Henry IV- The furious young emperor who called a meeting of the german bishops that he had appointed, to get Gregory to step down from papacy, but in return Gregory excommunicated him. Fredrick I- He took power, and built royal authority + was the first emperor to call his empire the Holy Roman Empire. Fredrick II- Fredrick I's grandson who tried to make an empire that revived Charlemange's empire.

Ideas/Events

THE FAR REACHING AUTHORITY OF THE CHURCH:


 * The church sought to influence both political and religious matters.
 * In reality the Chruch and the state disageed quite often.
 * The pope in Rome headed the whole church.
 * Bishops settled disputes over church teachings and practices.
 * In the middle ages religion occupied center stage.
 * Baptism is when people became part of the christan community.
 * Holidays include Easter and Christmas, they are occations for festivities.
 * The church had courts to try people accused of violating the canon law.
 * Excomminication banned people from the church, but if a king was excommunicated, then all of his vassels were freed aswell.
 * Excomminication and possible threat of an indirect would force the German emperor to submit to teh Chruch.

THE CHURCH AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE:


 * When pope Leo crowned Charlemange emperor in 800, he unknowingly set the stage for future conflicts between popes and emperors.
 * Otto's attempt to revive Charlemange's empire caused trouble for the future German leaders.

THE EMPEROR CLASHES WITH THE POPE:


 * The church wasn't happy when the king Otto had controll over the clergy and their offices.
 * Whoever controled lay investiture held the real power in naming bishops.
 * In 1075 pope Gregory VII banned lay investiture.
 * Henery wanted Gregory's forgivness badly, he crossed the alps to the italian town of Canossa to where Greg was visiting.
 * The pope is always obligated to foregive a sinner who begs so humbly.
 * Gregory kept Henery waiting for three days in the snow before undoing his excommunitcation.
 * lay investiture was fought over until 1112.
 * The concordat of Worms was a comprimise that the Church and the German empire made, it made it so the church could appoint a bishop, but at any time the emerpor could veto the appointment.
 * During Henery's struggle German princes regained powerlost uner Otto.

DISORDER IN THE EMPIRE:


 * By 1152 the seven princes who elected the german realized that Germany need a strong ruler.
 * Fredrick attacked the rich cities of italy, which spurred the merchants top unite against him.
 * The allience against Fredrick was called the LOMBARD LEAGUE.
 * At the battle of Legnano, the foot soliders of teh Lombard League fought king Fredrick's knights, the knight were defeated for the first time ever.
 * In 1177 Fredrick agrred to make peace and return to germany.
 * Fredrick drowned in 1190 and his empire fell apart.
 * The system of German Princees electing a king weakened royal authority.