Warring+City-States

Warring City-States

Bold:
 * Polis: The city-states that was the fundamental political unit in ancient Greese.
 * Acropolis: A fortified hilltop where citizens gathered to disscusse city governemnt.
 * Monarchy: A single person called a king ruled.
 * Aristocracy: A government ruled by a small group of nobel land-owning families.
 * Oligarchy: A government ruled by a few powerful people.
 * Tyrants: No bels or other wealthy citizens who seized control of the government, by appealing to the common people for support.
 * Democracy: A government ruled by the people.
 * Helots: Peasents forced to stay on the land witch they worked.
 * Phalax: Became the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world.
 * Persian Wars: Between Persia and Greese, It began in Ionia on the coast of Anatolia. Greeks had long been settled there, but around 546 BC the Perian Empire conqured it.

Key People: Draco Solon Cleithenes Pheidippides Xerxes

Ideas/Events: RULE AND ORDER IN GREEK CITY- STATES:
 * By 750 BC the city-state was a fundamental political unit in scent Greese.
 * Most city-states controlled 50 to 500 square miles of land. There were often less than 10000 residents.
 * every Greek city-state had a different government system.
 * In almost all ofthe city-states here were repeated clashes between the people and the rulers.
 * Tyrants wern't considered harsh and cruel like they are today.

ATHENS BUILDS A LIMITED DEMOCRACY:
 * Athens went through power struggles betweenthe rich and the poor.
 * Citizens participated directly in political decision making.
 * A nobleman named Draco took power in 621 BC. He developed a legal code based on that all Athanians rich and poor were equals. The starter of democracy.
 * There were other democratic reforms by Solon who came into power in 594 BC. He cleared slavery by statingthat no citizen should own another citizen.
 * Around 500 BC the Athens leader Cleithenes introduced further reforms of democracy. He broke up the power of nobility by organizing citizens into ten groups based on where they live rather then their health.
 * these reforms allowed to participate in limited democracy.
 * For the most part only the sons of wealthy families received an education.
 * The schooling began around age seven.
 * When be boys go older theywent to military school.
 * Girls in Athens didn't attend school. Instead that girls were thaght at home bu their mothers.
 * Woman had very little to do with Athens living.

SPARTA BUILDS A MILITARY:
 * Sparta was nearly cut off from the rest of Greese it was located in the southern part.
 * Sparta contrasted sharply with other city-states.
 * Around 750 BC Sparta conquered the region of Messenia and took the land.
 * In 650 BC the Messenians revolted the Sparta.
 * The Sparta just barely put down the revolt and dedicated themselves to Making a strong city.
 * Spartan government had several branches the concel of elders was made up of thirty old citizens. Five elected officials and two kings that ruled over Sparta's military forces.
 * From 600 until 371 BC Sparta had the most powerful army in Greese.
 * Men in sparta were expected to serve in the military until age 60 so everyday was military training.
 * Boys left home at age 7 and moved to the army barracks.
 * Spartan girls also lived hard lives they revived some military training they ran, wreastled, and played sports.

THE PERSIAN WARS:
 * The invasion of the persian army was the greatest danger of all for the ancient Greese but moved Athens and Sparta into their greatest glory.
 * Iron replaced bronze inthe manufactor of weapons.
 * The Persian war was between Greese and the Persian Empire.
 * The Persian king Darius defeatedthe rebels and vowed to defeat Athens in revenge.
 * Afer several hours against the Greek, the Athanians won the battle and the Persians list a foal of 6000 men.
 * the army leader chose a young runner to race back to Athens to tell the news about he war.
 * the Greeks were badly divided one group thought to let Athens be destroyed and the other group wantedto fight the persains.
 * The Greeks stopes the Persian advance for three days.
 * The Spartans held the Persians back while the over Greeks fled. All ofthe Persians were killed.
 * themistocles convinced the atheniansto flee the city and fight at sea.
 * Xerxes set fire to the fled Athens.
 * The persains face another defeat in 479 BC.
 * with the Persian war over all of the Greek citystatws felt a sense of confidence and freedom.
 * Durrig the 470s Athens became the leader of the delian league.