Parliament+Limits+the+English+Monarchy

Parliament Limits the English Monarchy

Bold: 1. Charles I- Son of James I, he took the throne. Charles always needed money, in part because he was at war with both Spain and France. Several times when Parliament refused to give him funds, he dissolved it. By 1628, Charles was forced to call Parliament again. This time it refused to grant him any money until he signed a document that is known as the Petition of Right. In this petition, the king agreed to four points:
 * He would not imprison subjects without due cause.
 * He would not levy taxes without Parliament’s consent.
 * He would not house soldiers in private homes.
 * He would not impose martial law in peacetime.


 * 1) English Civil War- People who remained loyal to Charles were called Royalists. Against the Royalists were the the Puritan supports who were called Roundheads by the Cavaliers because of their haircuts. Under Oliver Cromwell, the Cavaliers were defeated.
 * 2) Oliver Cromwell- He ruled over the Roundheads as a general. Him and the Puritans brought king Charles I to trial for going against parliament. In 1649 he abolished the Monarchy of England. He sought to reform English society with the Puritans. He favored religious toleration for all Christians accept Catholics. Oliver Cromwell and John Lambert drafted the first written constitution, but Cromwell eventually tore up the document.
 * 3) Habeas Corpus- In Latin meaning “to have body”. This laws says that every prisoner has the right to obtain a writ or document ordering that he be brought before a judge to specify against the prisoner.
 * 4) Constitutional Monarchy- There were laws that limited a ruler’s power.
 * 5) Cabinet- A group of government ministers or officials. The leader of the cabinet was the Prime Minister.
 * 6) Restoration- The period of Charles II’s Reign.

Key People:
 * 1) Charles I
 * 2) James I
 * 3) Oliver Cromwell
 * 4) Charles II
 * 5) Mary
 * 6) William of Orange

Ideas/Events:

MONARCH’S DEFY PARLIAMENT:
 * Elizabeth had no children so James Stuart her cousin took the throne.
 * James I struggled with Parliament over mostly money.
 * James disagreed with the Parliament Puritans because he was a Catholic.
 * James died in 1625.
 * Charles I ignored the Petition of Right.

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR:
 * Charles I offended Puritans because he upholder the rituals of the Angelic Church.
 * In January of 1642 arrested the leaders of Parliament.
 * Oliver Cromwell had Charles executed.
 * Cromwell put down the Ireland rebellion quickly.

RESTORATION AND REVOLUTION:
 * Oliver Cromwell died in 1658.
 * Charles II restored the Monarchy.
 * During Charles II’s reign Parliament passed Habeas Corpus.
 * The Whigs Opposed James, the Tories supported him.
 * The Whigs and the Tories were England’s first political parities.
 * Charles II died in 1695 and James took the throne.
 * James appointed several catholics into high office.
 * Parliament invited William of Orange and Mary James’ daughter to overthrow James.

LIMITS ON MONARCH’S POWER: *No suspending of Parliaments’ laws, *No levying of taxes without a grant from Parliament. *No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament. *No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances.
 * In 1689 Parliament drafted the Bill of Rights.
 * The Bill of Rights called for:
 * The cabinet became the center of power and policy making in England.