Section+2-2+Pyramids+on+the+Nile

Pyramids on the Nile:

Bold- Narmer- the king that is believed of of solid evidence to have united upper and lower Egypt Phararohs- egyptians god-kings. Theocracy- a type of government that is based on religious belief. Pyramids- the resting place after death for kings of the Old Kingdom. Mummification- a process that involves embalming and drying corpses to prevent them from decaying. Hieroglyphics- they replies pictographs because they wee a more flexible writing system. Papyrus- the better writing suffice made out of reeds, it replaced writting on stone. Delta- where the mouth of a river is.

Key people- Narmer

Key events/ideas-

GEOGRAPHY OF EGYPT-
 * the gift of the Nile- because of yearly flooding the Nile river would fill up and spill over making a thick mud that is great for crops called silt.
 * upper Egypt and lower egypt- upper Egypt is from the first cataract to the point where thriver starts, lower Egypt is includes the Nile delta region. Both upper and lower Egypt use the Nile as a system of transportation.
 * The Nile river flows northward across Africa for over 1,400 miles.
 * The Nile is a very reliabled system of transportation.
 * A Catarac is when boulders in the Nile turn the river into churning rapids.
 * A Catarac made it impossible for boats to pass.
 * It was easy for different villages in Egypt to promote trade, because of the watery highway that carried southbond saliboats.

EGYPT UNITES INTO A KINGDOM- there was remarkable engineering achievements from people who have never even use a wheel. The pyramid of Giza has approximately 2 million blocks.
 * Pharaohs rule as gods- the kings in Egypt wee considered to be gods, they were thought to be almost as powerful and slendid as the gods of he en.
 * Builders of pyramids- Because egyptions believe that a ruler ran the city even after death the city people built pyramids for them to rest in peace.
 * The work "ka" means eternal life force.
 * Unlike the Sumarians, the Egyptians had a good sorce of stone both granite and lime stone.
 * Each perfectly cut block of a pyramid weighted at least 2 1/2 tons, some weight 15 tons.
 * More than 2 million of those blocks were stacked with a height of 481 feet.
 * An entiere pyramid covered more than 13 aceres.
 * The pyramids are for reflecting the strengthof the Egyptian civilization.
 * The Egyptians head delevoped the economic strength and technological means to support a massive public works projects aswell as good leadership and goverment organization.

EGYPTIAN CULTURE


 * Egyptians were polytheistic with means believing in may gods. They beliefs in gods like Re the sun god and Osiris the god of the dead. He most important goddess of all was Isis she represented the perfect wife and mother.
 * Egypitians were more condident about their lives because they had nature in their favor.
 * The Egyiptians believed in afterlife.
 * They also believed that they were judged by what theyr were doing when they died.
 * The god and guide of the underwold Anubis would have to weight each dead persons heart and if they're heart weighed more than a feather they wouldn't recive eternal life. If the heart weighed more than a feather, showing it was heavy with sin they would be sent to a fierce beast called the Devourer of Souls.
 * If the soul was lighter than a feather, besides earning eternial life the soul would live in the buetiful Other World.
 * Only royale and elite Egyptians' bodies were preserved by mummification.

LIFE IN EGYPTIAN SOCIETY:


 * There was a pyramid that shaped the society of Egypt, King, Queen, and royal family were placed on the top of the pyramid. Below them were the members of teh upper class witch includes wealthy land owner, government officials, priests, and army commanders. The next layer of the pyramid was the middle class witch includes merchants and artisans. At the base of the pyramids was the largest class by far, the lower class witch included the farmers, and laborors.
 * Egyptians could gain higher status on the social pyramid by marring.
 * Women and men held many of the samerights as men.
 * The term heirogliphics came from the Greek term "hieros" and "gluph" meaning sacred writing.
 * To make papyrus, the Egyptians split reeds and pressed them, almost like we make paper today.
 * The Egyptians developed a calender to help them keep track of the times between floods and to plan they're planting season.
 * The priests observed that the same star "Sirius" appeared above the eastern horizon just before a flood.
 * The Egyptians also made a solar year witch contains 365 day and 12 mounths with 30 day per mounth, they also added five days for holidays and feastings. The calender was so accurate that it fell short of todays solar year by only 6 hours.
 * The Egyptians invented a system for writing numbers, counting, adding, and subtraction.

INVADERS CONTROL EGYPT:


 * The power of the Pharaohs declined at about 2180 B.C. marking the very end of the Old Kingdom.
 * Some strong Pharaohs regained power in Middle Kingdom, but it didn't last long.
 * The Hyksos a word that ment "the rulers of foreign lands" took over Egypt from 1630 to 1523 B.C.
 * Egypt would rise again, in a period called the New Kingdom.

Environmental challenges-
 * When the nile's floodwaters were just a few feet lower than normal the amount of fresh silt and even water for crops was greatly reduced, with made thousands of people starve.
 * On the other hand when the floodwaters were just a few feet higher than usual than many houses would be destroyed along with precious seed that farmers needed.
 * Because of the surround egyption barriers they had a very small piece of land witch prevented interaction with other people.