Fuedalism+in+Europe

Fuedalism in Europe

Bold:
 * 1) Lord- A landowner.
 * 2) Fief- Granted land from a lord.
 * 3) Vassal- The person reciving a fief from a lord.
 * 4) Knights- mounted horsemen who vowed to protect their lord's land in exchange for a fief.
 * 5) Serfs- People who couldn't lawfully leave the place where they were born.
 * 6) Manor- A lord's estate.
 * 7) Tithe- a church tax that peasents owed to the village priest.

Key People: Charles the Simple- The king of France but held little power Leif Erikson- A Viking explorer who reached North America around 1000, almost 500 years before Columbus. Rollo- The head of the Viking army who had a peace ceremony with Charles the second who granted him a huge peice of French land for the Vikings, Rollo then after that pledged his loyalty to the king.

INVADERS ATTACK WESTERN EUROPE:


 * From 800 to 1000 invasions destroyed the Carolingian Empire, Muslim invaders from the south siezed Sicily and riaded Italy.
 * The Vikings invaded Europe with much power and strength.
 * The Vikings weren't only warriors, they were also traders, farmers, and explorers.
 * As the Vikings gradually accepted Christianity, they stopped raiding monasteries.
 * As Viking invasions declined, new people targeted Europe called the Magyars.
 * The Magyars were a group of nomadic people who attacked from the east, from where is now Hungery.
 * The Magyars didn't settle on conquered land, instead they took captives to sell as slaves.
 * The other group of people that targeted Europe after the Vikings were the Muslims, who attacked from the south.
 * The invasions of the Vkings, Magyars, and Muslims caused widespread disorder and suffering.
 * People no longer looked to a central ruler for security, instead they turned to local rulers who had their own armies.

A NEW SOCIAL ORDER: FUEDALISM


 * In 911 two enemies face eachother, they're names were Rollo and Charles the Simple.
 * The worste years of teh invaders attckers were 850 to 950.
 * Fuedalism witch is the system of governing and landholding, had emerged in Europe.
 * A similar fuedalism system existed in the Zhou Dynasty aswell.
 * The structure of fuedal society was much like a pyramid, the kings on top, then the most powerful vassals-wealthy landowners and nobles and bishops, next was the Knights, lastley as the base of teh pyramid were they peasents, who didn't own any land.
 * In the fuedal system status determined a person's pretige and power.
 * Serfs wern't slaves, the lords couldn't buy or sell them.

MANORS: THE ECONOMIC SIDE OF FEUDALISM:
 * During the Middle Ages the manor system was teh basic economic arrangment.
 * The manor system reasted on self rights adn obligations between a lord and his serfs.
 * The lord provided the serf with a house, and protect from bandits, while in return the serfs tending teh lord's land and maintained their estate.
 * All peasents weather or not a serf owed the lords certain duties.
 * A monor only usally covered a few square miles of land.
 * Generally 15 to 30 familes lived on the village manor.
 * Fish was an important source of food.
 * The serfs and peasents raised and produced nearly everything that they and their lord needed for daily life, like crops, milk, cheese, fuel, cloth, leather goods, and lumber.
 * For the priviledge of living on the kings land, peasents paid a high price, they paid a tax on all grain ground in the lords mill, they also paid taxes on marriage.
 * A tithe represented one-tenth of a peasent's income.
 * Peasents simple diet consisted of mainly veggies, course brown bread, gain, cheese, and soup.
 * Many children serfs didn't survive into aldulthood.
 * Life expectancy of a peasent or serf was 35 years, and most of the peasents didn' traevel more than 25 miles from their homes.
 * The serfs were Christans.